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Monthly Archives: June 2023
Prince Nevsky and Novgorod’s Battle on Ice, 1242
To the west of Moscow and east of Latvia and Estonia was the Novgorod Republic. Novgorod was ruled by a Prince who was appointed or elected by a strong city council, rather than inheriting the role automatically at birth. The Republic … Continue reading
Posted in Islam History D: Crusades, Islam History E: the Mongols
Tagged Aleksandr Nevsky, Novgorod, Teutonic Knights
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The Barons’ Crusade, 1239-41
Historians who later numbered the Crusades did something very odd at this point. Emperor Frederick II’s peaceful negotiation for a ten-year control of Jerusalem was the Sixth Crusade, but when that time ran out and a new army came to … Continue reading
Posted in Islam History D: Crusades, Islam History E: the Mongols
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Baba Ishak’s Revolt Softens up Turkish Defenses, 1239
I want to talk about a minor revolt that took place in Anatolia between 1239 and 1241 not because it’s important on the world stage, but because it illustrates very clearly the strains in the Muslim world at this time. … Continue reading
Posted in Islam History E: the Mongols
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The Khan’s Grandsons and the Golden Horde, 1236-41
The four ruling sons of Genghis Khan didn’t last long. Jochi, the controversial oldest son, died before his father. So already at the Great Khan’s death, grandsons had been assigned to rule parts of the western Empire. Batu was the … Continue reading
Posted in Islam History E: the Mongols
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Frederick II and the Sixth Crusade, 1229
While the Mongols were trampling Central Asia, life went on as before for the European West and the Middle East. During the years of Temujin’s rise, Europe was focused on the young King of Sicily and Germany, who had finally … Continue reading
Posted in Islam History D: Crusades, Islam History E: the Mongols
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The Death of Genghis Khan, 1228
Genghis Khan had been having a serious internal family problem during the later campaigns. Although he had promoted on a merit basis for years, and although he railed against aristocratic inheritance, in truth of course he wanted his sons to … Continue reading
Posted in Islam History E: the Mongols
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The Mongols Invade Christendom, 1222-3
In four years, Genghis Khan had trampled the Muslim East that is now Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. His armies then ran into a serious problem: as they came out of the mountain and steppe country, heat and humidity made … Continue reading
Posted in Islam History E: the Mongols
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The Mongols Invade Eastern Muslim Lands, 1218-21
By 1218, the Mongol hordes were ruling the Kara Khitan, the last province that was culturally part of northern China’s long reach. This placed them on the border of the easternmost outpost of the Muslim empire. This eastern territory by … Continue reading
Posted in Islam History E: the Mongols
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Mongolian Culture vs. the World
The Mongols’ cultural ways were so different that by comparison, Arabs and Europeans look like they’re part of one single culture. In a way, they were; they were all part of the Mediterranean continuum. They had been influencing each other … Continue reading
Posted in Islam History E: the Mongols
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Temujin and the Great Mongol Nation, 1167-1220
Far away, in a part of the world utterly unknown to Europe, a world-changer had been born around 1167. Temujin, or Genghis Khan, is one of those people in history whose intelligence still shines brightly. First, Genghis is pronounced Jengis. Modern … Continue reading
Posted in Islam History E: the Mongols
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