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Category Archives: Islam History E: the Mongols
The Destruction of Baghdad, 1258
The last Caliph of Baghdad ascended to his throne in 1242. The position had been powerless for a long time during the Turkish migrations, ruling in name while the cities were virtually independent, but then a series of energetic Caliphs … Continue reading
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The Fall of Alamut, 1256
I’ve read various accounts of what happened when Hulegu came to the Nizari stronghold of Alamut. Some stories like to say that the Mongols came in there and really got the job done, unlike the weaklings who had tried before. … Continue reading
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Nizari Assassins in the 13th Century
We’ve talked about the Nizaris before; they were Persians converted by missionaries from Ismaili Egypt. Their Ismaili belief system conflated the spiritual ruler, the Imam, with the political leader, the Caliph. They rejected all Fatimid Caliphs after a certain point … Continue reading
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Korea, Vietnam, and the Ilkhanate, 1251-4
Between 1251 and 1254, Mongol armies subdued the Goryeo Kingdom of Korea, though not without drama. Under military pressure, the Korean king sent them a hostage who was supposedly his son, but it turned out to be a stepson not of the … Continue reading
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Möngke Builds Karakorum, 1251-4
In 1251, the Mongol Empire went through an internal coup. Temujin’s son Ögedei had died in 1241, and his widow got their son Güyük installed as Great Khan. But when Güyük died and his widow tried to do as her … Continue reading
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The Mamluk Revolution in Egypt, 1250
Under the last real Ayyubid Sultan, as-Salih, the Mamluk corps was built up to unprecedented size and strength. They were a neat solution to a political problem because as slaves, they did what they were told, but as people with … Continue reading
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The Sack of Jerusalem, 1244
When the Mongols invaded the land of Khwarezmia, south of the Aral Sea, they touched off a wave of ferocious refugees who had been the toughest kids on the block—until the Mongols showed them up. So bands of Khwarezmian fighters … Continue reading
Posted in Islam History D: Crusades, Islam History E: the Mongols
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Rumi and the Whirling Dervishes, 1244
Jalal ad-Din Mohammed al-Rumi was born in Balkh, Afghanistan in 1207. Balkh was one of the cities in Genghis Khan’s early sweep of eastern Islam. When Jalal was born, the Mongols were mopping up the eastern Silk Road cities of … Continue reading
Posted in Islam History E: the Mongols, Literature
Tagged poetry
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Prince Nevsky and Novgorod’s Battle on Ice, 1242
To the west of Moscow and east of Latvia and Estonia was the Novgorod Republic. Novgorod was ruled by a Prince who was appointed or elected by a strong city council, rather than inheriting the role automatically at birth. The Republic … Continue reading
Posted in Islam History D: Crusades, Islam History E: the Mongols
Tagged Aleksandr Nevsky, Novgorod, Teutonic Knights
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The Barons’ Crusade, 1239-41
Historians who later numbered the Crusades did something very odd at this point. Emperor Frederick II’s peaceful negotiation for a ten-year control of Jerusalem was the Sixth Crusade, but when that time ran out and a new army came to … Continue reading
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