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Category Archives: Crusades
Pilgrims in the Holy Land
In the century before the First Crusade, a number of regions had adopted Christianity: Norway, Hungary, Poland, Russia, Bulgaria. During this same time, an abbey of Benedictine monks at Cluny, in Aquitaine, encouraged many people to go on pilgrimages. The … Continue reading
Posted in Crusades, Islam History C: the Abbasids
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Duke Rollo and the First Normans, 918-42
In addition to the attacks of Saracens in the south and Slavs in the east, the Franks now suffered attacks of Danes in the north. Although they had similar cultures, the Franks had become the fat, soft-bodied targets of their … Continue reading
Posted in Crusades, Islam History C: the Abbasids
Tagged England, France, Hugh Capet, Normandy
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Feudalism in France
During the 10th century, two major changes came to the land of the Franks. They were unconnected, but each contributed in its own way to the establishment of medieval feudalism. The first was a set of inheritance reforms, the second…the … Continue reading
Posted in Crusades, Islam History C: the Abbasids
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The growth of medieval hospitals
In the ancient world, care for the sick was presumed to be the domain of the family home. The hospital system developed for care of travelers, orphans, and the very poor. The words “hospital” and “hostel” are cognates, both derived … Continue reading
Posted in Crusades, Med. and Magic
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Vasco da Gama kills the Silk Road and some pilgrims, 1498-1503
The biggest source of financial power the Muslim Empire had always came from controlling large parts, if not all, of the Silk Road. This was literally a road in some places, with oases and cities along the way to support … Continue reading
Posted in Crusades, Muslim Empire (old series)
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Later Spanish Inquisition, 1494-1517
The Inquisition in Spain ran through the 1500s, 1600s, and 1700s, ending only in the time of Napoleon, whose brother was appointed King of Spain. But its nature changed after the expulsion of the Jews in 1492. Its rate of … Continue reading
Posted in Crusades, Muslim Empire (old series)
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The Spanish Inquisition, 1478-1492
Inquisitions were normally a program run by priests who answered to the local bishop, who answered to the Pope. They were the answer to a very active concern: what about false teachers who might lead the illiterate astray? Inquisitions had … Continue reading
Posted in Crusades, Muslim Empire (old series)
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Vlad the Impaler, or DRACULA: 1448-76
When the King of Hungary created the Order of the Dragon in 1408, one of the knights to receive this honor was the illegitimate son of the Voivode of Wallachia (modern Romania). When the legitimate son died, Sir Vlad of … Continue reading
Posted in Crusades, Muslim Empire (old series)
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The Crusade of Nicopolis (and a bit about Dracula), 1396
While Timur was taking over Central Asia and India, the Ottoman-ruled zone was also growing. In 1389, Sultan Murad died in the Battle of Kosovo, killed by Serbian knights, but his son Bayezid was on hand. Bayezid had his brother … Continue reading
Posted in Crusades, Mongols, Muslim Empire (old series)
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Game of Mamluk Thrones, 1290-1330
The Mamluks governed based on competence, in a time when governance was always based on inheritance. They didn’t come up with a framework for peaceful transfers of power or group selection of the leader. Instead, they functioned like a monarchy … Continue reading
Posted in Crusades, Mongols, Muslim Empire (old series)
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